Shearer-Methode: Grundlagen der klassischen Gitarre für Anfänger
The Shearer-Methode is one of the most respected and widely used methods for learning classical guitar. Developed by Aaron Shearer, a renowned classical guitarist and pedagogue, this method provides guitarists with the essential techniques and principles to master the instrument. From proper posture and finger positioning to advanced technical exercises, the Shearer Method offers a comprehensive framework to help players build a solid foundation in classical guitar.
In this article, we’ll explore the history of the Shearer Method, its fundamental concepts, and its ongoing effectiveness as a learning method for classical guitar.
1. The Origins of the Shearer Method
Who Was Aaron Shearer?
Aaron Shearer (1919-2008) was a pioneer in classical guitar pedagogy. His teaching methods have strongly influenced the way classical guitar is taught today, especially in North America. Shearer taught at some of the most prestigious music schools in the U.S., including the Peabody Institute and the North Carolina School of the Arts, and authored several instructional books that have become staples for guitarists worldwide.
His teaching philosophy centered around the idea that a guitarist should make their movements as efficient as possible. This efficiency, combined with proper technique, allows students to play complex pieces without unnecessary strain or injury.
The Development of the Shearer Method
The Shearer Method developed through Shearer's decades of teaching experience, where he identified common issues faced by students, such as improper posture, ineffective hand positioning, and bodily tension. His goal was to create a structured method that addressed these issues and provided a step-by-step guide for learning the fundamentals of classical guitar.
2. The Core Concepts of the Shearer Method
The Shearer Method focuses on several core concepts that are essential for building a solid foundation in classical guitar. These concepts emphasize efficiency, relaxation, and precision in every aspect of playing.
Posture and Ergonomics
One of the first things the Shearer Method addresses is the posture of the guitarist. Shearer believed that correct posture is crucial to avoid injury and promote ease of playing. The classical guitarist typically sits in a specific position, with the guitar resting on the left leg (for right-handed players), and both feet supported by a footstool or ergonomic guitar support.
This seated position allows the guitarist to hold the guitar at an angle that facilitates easy access to all frets and strings. Good posture improves performance and reduces the risk of tension and fatigue during long practice sessions.
Left-Hand Technique
The left-hand technique in the Shearer Method focuses on minimizing tension and ensuring efficient hand and finger movement. Shearer emphasized keeping the thumb relaxed and positioned behind the neck of the guitar, allowing the fingers to arch naturally over the fretboard. This positioning provides maximum flexibility for finger movements and helps avoid strain.
Finger placement is also crucial. Shearer’s method teaches students to place their fingertips close to the frets, ensuring clean, buzzing-free notes. Additionally, finger independence is developed through exercises that strengthen individual fingers, helping the guitarist play more fluidly.
Right-Hand Technique
For the right hand, the Shearer Method teaches a variety of fingerpicking techniques, essential for playing classical guitar music. This involves using the thumb (p), index (i), middle (m), and ring (a) fingers to pluck the strings. The method emphasizes relaxed finger movements to create a smooth, flowing sound.
Shearer introduced specific exercises designed to improve finger independence and dexterity, allowing players to perform complex arpeggios, scales, and melodies with greater control and precision. Key elements of right-hand technique include the apoyando (rest stroke) and tirando (free stroke) techniques, both essential in classical guitar playing.
Fingerstyle Development
The Shearer Method places strong emphasis on fingerstyle development, teaching students how to balance melody, harmony, and bass lines simultaneously. This is a characteristic feature of classical guitar music, where the guitarist often plays multiple parts at once.
Fingerstyle exercises in the Shearer Method are progressive, starting with basic arpeggios and gradually increasing in complexity as the player's technique improves. These exercises help develop right-hand precision and ensure that each string is plucked cleanly and consistently.
3. The Structure of the Shearer Method
Part I: Learning Basic Techniques
The first section of the Shearer Method is aimed at beginners. It covers fundamental topics such as proper sitting position, how to hold the guitar, and essential finger exercises. These exercises are designed to help students develop dexterity and coordination between both hands.
Key topics covered include:
- Posture: Correct sitting position and guitar placement.
- Basic right-hand and left-hand techniques: Introduction to efficient movement principles.
- Simple exercises: Designed to improve strength, flexibility, and control in both hands.
Part II: Intermediate Techniques and Music Theory
As students progress, the Shearer Method introduces more complex techniques, including barre chords, shifting positions on the fretboard, and advanced right-hand patterns. The method also delves into music theory, helping students understand how scales, chords, and keys work together in classical music.
At this stage, players begin to explore classical guitar repertoire, playing pieces by composers like Fernando Sor, Mauro Giuliani, and Francisco Tárrega.
Part III: Advanced Classical Guitar Techniques
In the final section, the Shearer Method focuses on advanced techniques, including:
- Tremolo: A rapid right-hand technique to create a sustained note or melody.
- Slurs (Hammer-ons and Pull-offs): Techniques used to create legato phrasing in fast passages.
- Harmonics: Producing bell-like tones by lightly touching the strings at specific frets.
- Complex arpeggios and scales: To improve finger coordination and speed.
By this stage, students are equipped to play advanced classical pieces, developing their artistry and personal interpretation.
4. Why the Shearer Method is Effective for Learning Classical Guitar
Systematic Approach
One of the reasons the Shearer Method is so effective is its systematic approach. Each lesson builds on the previous one, ensuring that students develop strong fundamentals before progressing to more advanced techniques. This structured method prevents gaps in a student’s learning and ensures a thorough understanding of both technique and theory.
Focus on Ergonomics and Avoiding Injury
Classical guitar playing can be physically demanding, and poor technique can lead to strain or injury. The Shearer Method’s emphasis on ergonomics ensures that students learn to play in a way that minimizes tension and fatigue, allowing for longer and more enjoyable practice sessions.
Tailored to All Skill Levels
Whether you are a beginner or an advanced player, the Shearer Method is designed to accommodate all skill levels. Beginners benefit from the step-by-step approach to learning the basics, while more advanced players can refine their techniques and take their playing to the next level.
5. Conclusion: Building a Strong Foundation with the Shearer Method
The Shearer Method is a comprehensive guide for anyone serious about learning classical guitar. It covers every aspect of playing, from posture and hand positioning to advanced techniques like tremolo and harmonics. Whether you are a beginner looking to start your classical guitar journey or an experienced player looking to refine your skills, the Shearer Method provides a solid foundation for mastering the instrument.
By focusing on efficiency, ergonomics, and technical precision, the Shearer Method ensures that students develop good habits from the start, preventing injury and improving performance over time. With its clear, systematic approach, this method continues to be one of the most respected ways to learn classical guitar.
FAQs
1. Is the Shearer Method suitable for beginners? Yes, the Shearer Method is designed to guide beginners through the basics of classical guitar, while also offering more advanced techniques for experienced players.
2. How long does it take to complete the Shearer Method? The time it takes depends on the student’s practice routine. However, because the method is comprehensive, it’s intended to be a long-term guide that can take several years to fully master.
3. Can I use the Shearer Method for other guitar styles? While the Shearer Method focuses on classical guitar, many of its principles—such as good posture and efficient technique—are applicable to other guitar styles, including fingerstyle acoustic guitar.
